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Hardware Required for VoIP

The main hardware required for a VoIP system are a computer and a VoIP-enabled phone or adapter. Software-based phones can be used in place of VoIP phones, but VoIP phones are usually preferred by people who need to bring their phones on travel or business trips. Other peripheral devices may be required for specific types of phones and connections as well.

Computers

VoIP technology itself can work on any computer with an Internet connection, but other components usually have specifications for operating systems, sound cards, memory, and processor speed. Some new VoIP phones, for example, have a minimum processor and memory requirement set by the manufacturer. Also, some hardware and software are designed for specific operating systems, and others come in different versions for PC and Mac units.

Analog telephone adapters (ATA)

ATAs were used in the early days of VoIP, before VoIP-specific phones were introduced in the market. ATAs basically turn your old analog phone into a digital device capable of receiving and transmitting digital signals. An ATA plugs into your phone where it normally connects to the phone socket, and plugs into the computer from the other end. ATAs convert your voice, which is in analog form, into a digital signal that your computer can read and transmit. During a VoIP call, the ATA also converts the incoming signal into an analog form that your phone can read and play back for you.

VoIP phones

VoIP phones are specifically designed for VoIP communication. They look much like regular telephones, except that they are digital, as if they have built-in ATAs. Also, instead of the RJ-11 plug and outlets, they are fitted with a wider RJ-45 cable that connects directly to your modem or router. VoIP phones contain all the circuitry and programming required to transmit digital signals and maintain a VoIP connection.

Microphones

Computer microphones are used in place of the mouthpiece in software-based phones. Most microphones plug into the computer via an audio jack, although some have USB and PS2 connectors. There are VoIP microphones available, but most are overpriced, and non-VoIP microphones work just as well. Many computer microphones can be used upon plugging and require no software or drivers.

Speakers

Speakers are the counterpart of the earpiece in software-based phones. Standard computer speakers will do for basic VoIP sessions, although you may want to invest in more compact speakers for convenience and privacy.

Headsets

Headsets are a convenient combination of the microphone and speaker. Usually worn over or behind the head, headsets consist of a pair of small earphones with a microphone attached to the band with a flexible shaft, and  are ideal for office or corporate use. VoIP headsets are also available.

 
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